Sand is a naturally occurring granular material composed of finely divided rock and mineral particles. The main composition of sand is silica (Silicon dioxide, SiO2), and it is commonly used for construction and glass manufacturing industry. Before sand can be used for construction or any other industrial purpose, it is important to determine several physical and chemical properties of sand. One of the most important analysis is impurities present in the sand such as organic matter, chloride, and sulphate. These impurities can cause corrosion and cracks on the building and lead to considerable deterioration of durability, strength and appearance.

CCIC provide following chemical analysis for river sand, quartz sand, sea sand, soil and mud.

River Sand Constructions

Test Items	Code	Instrument / Method
Apparent Density	GB/T 14684-2011	Gravimetric
Chloride	GB/T 14684-2011	Titrimetric
Clay and Fine Content	GB/T 14684-2011	Gravimetric
Moisture	GB/T 14684-2011	Gravimetric
Fineness Modulus	GB/T 14684-2011	Calculation
Sulphate	GB/T 14684-2011	Gravimetric
Organic Matter	GB/T 14684-2011	Colorimetric
Particle Size	GB/T 14684-2011	Gravimetric
Shell content	GB/T 14684-2011	Gravimetric

Quartz Sand (China Standard)

Test Items	Code	Instrument / Method
Titanium Dioxide	SN/T 0483-95	ICP/UV-Vis
Iron Oxide	SN/T 0483-95	ICP/UV-Vis
Aluminium Oxide	SN/T 0483-95	ICP/UV-Vis
Silica	SN/T 0483-95	Gravimetric
Loss on Ignition	SN/T 0483-95	Gravimetric
Metals by ICP	SN/T 3365-2012	ICP
Particle Size (20-140 mesh)	BS 812-103.1: 1985	Gravimetric

General Sand Enquiry

Test Items	Code	Instrument / Method
Potential Alkali Silica Reactivity	ASTM C289-03	Titrimetric and ICP
Chloride	BS 812-117: 1988	Titrimetric
Sulphate	BS 812-118: 1988	Gravimetric
Clay, Silt, and Dust	BS 882: 1992	Gravimetric
Moisture	BS 812-109: 1990	Gravimetric
Density	BS 812-2 :1995	Gravimetric
Particle Size Distribution	BS 812-103.1: 1985	Gravimetric
Organic Matter	ASTM C40/C40M-11	Colorimetric

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